Matplotlib

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Installation

pip install matplotlib

Basic Usage

Importing Matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Creating a Simple Plot

# Create a simple line plot
plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 4, 9, 16])
plt.xlabel('x label')
plt.ylabel('y label')
plt.title('Simple Plot')
plt.show()

Plot Types

Line Plot

# Line plot with customization
plt.plot(x, y, label='Line 1', color='b', linestyle='-', marker='o')
plt.xlabel('x label')
plt.ylabel('y label')
plt.title('Line Plot')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Scatter Plot

# Scatter plot with customization
plt.scatter(x, y, label='Data points', color='r', marker='x')
plt.xlabel('x label')
plt.ylabel('y label')
plt.title('Scatter Plot')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Bar Plot

# Bar plot with customization
plt.bar(x, height, label='Bars', color='g')
plt.xlabel('x label')
plt.ylabel('Height')
plt.title('Bar Plot')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Histogram

# Histogram with customization
plt.hist(data, bins=10, label='Data', color='m', edgecolor='black')
plt.xlabel('Value')
plt.ylabel('Frequency')
plt.title('Histogram')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Pie Chart

# Pie chart with customization
plt.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=140)
plt.axis('equal')  # Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.
plt.title('Pie Chart')
plt.show()

Box Plot

# Box plot with customization
plt.boxplot(data)
plt.title('Box Plot')
plt.show()

Advanced Plot Customization

Adding a Grid

plt.plot(x, y)
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

Adding Annotations

plt.plot(x, y)
plt.annotate('Important Point', xy=(x_point, y_point), xytext=(x_text, y_text),
             arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05))
plt.show()

Subplots

# Multiple subplots in one figure
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2)

axs[0, 0].plot(x, y)
axs[0, 0].set_title('Subplot 1')

axs[0, 1].scatter(x, y)
axs[0, 1].set_title('Subplot 2')

axs[1, 0].bar(x, height)
axs[1, 0].set_title('Subplot 3')

axs[1, 1].hist(data)
axs[1, 1].set_title('Subplot 4')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

Customizing the Figure Size

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show()

Example

Complete Example

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Sample data
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]

# Create a figure and a set of subplots
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(10, 10))

# Line plot
axs[0, 0].plot(x, y, label='Line 1', color='b', linestyle='-', marker='o')
axs[0, 0].set_title('Line Plot')
axs[0, 0].legend()

# Scatter plot
axs[0, 1].scatter(x, y, label='Data points', color='r', marker='x')
axs[0, 1].set_title('Scatter Plot')
axs[0, 1].legend()

# Bar plot
axs[1, 0].bar(x, y, label='Bars', color='g')
axs[1, 0].set_title('Bar Plot')
axs[1, 0].legend()

# Histogram
data = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
axs[1, 1].hist(data, bins=4, label='Data', color='m', edgecolor='black')
axs[1, 1].set_title('Histogram')
axs[1, 1].legend()

# Show the plots
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()